はじめに
2024年6月からスタートするリニューアル版英検の新しいライティング要約セクションへの対策をご紹介します。新方式への移行は挑戦的ですが、ここでは初めてこの方式に挑む子どもたちを支えるための情報を提供します。
新しいライティング要約とは?
新しいライティング要約セクションでは、与えられた文章を短く要約する技術が求められます。現段階では具体的な情報が少ないため、公開されているサンプル問題から推測し、効果的な指導法を考案しています。
準2級の E-mail ライティングで指定されている条件
ライティング問題の上部で指定されている条件です。
実際のクラスでのアプローチ
準2級を対象にしたライティングクラスでは、次のような指導を行っています。
添削指導例
問題は、英検®サイトで提供されているサンプル文です。問題文は英語ですが、ここでは簡単な日本語訳にして紹介しています。
○届いたE-mail
内容:本物の犬を飼いたかったが世話が大変だから父からロボットペットを、代わりにオンラインで買ってもらった。そのペットは可愛い。ただ、そのロボットには問題があり、バッテリーが長持ちしない。ロボットペットは将来改善されると思いますか?
それに対しての返信例です(生徒の回答)。
○返信例
① E-mail の相手に、相手からのお知らせに対して気持ちを述べる。
I’m happy to hear that you have a robot pet.
② 相手からのお知らせについて下線部の特徴を問う2つの質問をする。
生徒の回答 | 添削後 |
---|---|
Can robot pets do tricks? | Can your robot pets do any tricks? |
How much is a robot pet? | How much did you pay for it? |
③ 相手からの質問に答える。
相手からの質問 | 回答 |
---|---|
Do you think that robot pets will improve in the future? | About your question, I think robot pets will improve. |
④ 理由を添える。
相手のロボットペットはバッテリーが長持しないという問題についての返答例。
生徒の回答 | 添削後 |
---|---|
Because there are a lot of great scientists in world. I think they can improve robots pet. | It’s because there are a lot of great scientists in the world. I think they can improve their performance. |
※their performance: ロボットの性能へ置き換え。繰り返しを避け、文にない語句を使う。 |
要約だからこそ、表現は簡素にわかりやすく書き上げる必要があります。添削後の文章を参考に、どこに気をつけて要約するべきか、繰り返し練習して身につけましょう。
英検2級のライティングで指定されている条件
ライティング問題の上部で指定されている条件です。
指導例
○添削例1 − リニューアル英検サンプル問題より
例題)
When students go to college, some decide to live at home with their parents, and others decide to rent an apartment by themselves. There are other choices, too. These days, some of them choose to share a house with roommates.
What are the reasons for this? Some students have a roommate who is good at math or science and can give advice about homework. Other students have a roommate from abroad and can learn about a foreign language through everyday conversations. Because of this, they have been able to improve their foreign language skills.
On the other hand, some students have a roommate who stays up late at night and watches TV. This can be noisy and
make it difficult for others to get enough sleep. Some students have a roommate who rarely helps with cleaning the house. As a result, they have to spend a lot of time cleaning the house by themselves.
解答例)
These days, some college students share a house with roommates. By doing this, some students can get help from their roommates with various things, such as math, science, or foreign languages. However, some students have trouble with their roommates, such as trouble about sleeping times or cleaning the house.
①第一段落から要点を端的につかむ。一文か二文で。
第一段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
University students have many options for living. As one hand share a house with roommates. | University students have many options for living share a house with roommates. |
※最初の文は何だった? |
②第二段落では、そのメリットを述べる。ここではget help にしている。抽象化、一般化した語彙に言い換えて、そのあと細かい語句のつけたしをする。
第二段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
By doing this, students can get help from roommates. For example, math, science knowledge, and (※)can study forign languages. | By doing this, students can get help from roommates with various things, math, science and foreign languages. |
※主語は? |
③第三段落より、そのデメリットを述べる。その時に、論理マーカーのHowever, やon the other hand を入れる。ここではデメリットは、have trouble にしている。書き方は②と同様。
第三段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
But sometimes, (※)trouble with roommates, such as trouble about cleaning the house. | However, sometimes, some students have trouble with roommates, such as trouble about cleaning the house. |
※主語は? |
他にも、メリット、デメリットの他、違った特徴や違った理由も可能性としては、問題文になる可能性ありので、色々なパターンに慣れていくことが大事です。
○添削例2
記事を読み、生徒さんが書いた文章を添削してます。
①第一段落から要点を端的につかむ。一文か二文で。
第一段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
Some people prefer to live farther from the city, out in the countryside. | Some people prefer to live in countryside rather than living in a city. |
②第二段落では、そのメリットを述べる。抽象化、一般化した語彙に言い換えて、そのあと細かい語句のつけたし。
第二段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
By doing this, they can get many benefit. For example, they can build bigger houses, than in the city. Also, they can eat fresh food. | By doing this, they can get many benefit, such as more space, rich nature, and lower living cost. Also, they can eat fresh food. |
③第三段落より、そのデメリットを述べる。書き方は②と同様。
第三段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
However there are also disadvantage. Such as transportaition, and fewer shops. | However, in rural area, there are disadvantages, such as less transportation, fewer facilities, and jobs opportunities. |
他にも、メリット、デメリットの他、違った特徴や違った理由も可能性としては、問題文になる可能性ありので、色々なパターンに慣れていくことが大事です。
英検準1級のライティング指導の様子
ライティング要約問題の上部で指定されている条件です。
指導例〜英文要約
○添削例1 − リニューアル英検サンプル問題より
例題)
From the 1980s to the early 2000s, many national museums in Britain were charging their visitors entrance fees. The newly elected government, however, was supportive of the arts. It introduced a landmark policy to provide financial aid to museums so that they would drop their entrance fees. As a result, entrance to many national museums, including the Natural History Museum, became free of charge.
Supporters of the policy said that as it would widen access to national museums, it would have significant benefits. People, regardless of their education or income, would have the opportunity to experience the large collections of artworks in museums and learn about the country’s cultural history.
Although surveys indicated that visitors to national museums that became free increased by an average of 70 percent after the policy’s introduction, critics claimed the policy was not completely successful. This increase, they say, mostly consisted of the same people visiting museums many times. Additionally, some independent museums with entrance fees said the policy negatively affected them. Their visitor numbers decreased because people were visiting national museums to avoid paying fees, causing the independent museums to struggle financially.
解答例)
The British government implemented a policy that would help national museums to provide free admission to the public.
Supporters believed this would encourage people from various backgrounds to visit museums.
However, while visitors increased, some critics of the policy pointed out the increase was largely due to repeated visits from the same people. Moreover, some independent museums with admission fees stated the policy led to a drop in their revenues.
【英検準1級5回講座 要約問題①】
高校2年生 オンライン(福岡)からご紹介します。
以下、要約問題攻略のポイントです。
★3構造で4文を目指す。(型を理解する)
第一段落 |
From the 1980s to the early 2000s, many national museums in Britain were charging their visitors entrance fees. The newly elected government, however, was supportive of the arts. It introduced a landmark policy to provide financial aid to museums so that they would drop their entrance fees. As a result, entrance to many national museums, including the Natural History Museum, became free of charge. |
この段落の内容(新しい政策の導入など)を1文でまとめます。段落は必ず改行してわかりやすくしましょう。
第一段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
The British government implemented a policy to provide monetary support to many national museums with free of charge. | The British government implemented a policy to provide monetary ( / financial ) support to many national museums with free of admission. |
第二段落 |
Supporters of the policy said that as it would widen access to national museums, it would have significant benefits. People, regardless of their education or income, would have the opportunity to experience the large collections of artworks in museums and learn about the country’s cultural history. |
この段落の内容(賛成派の理由)を1文でまとめます。 Supporters (said / believed)を使って・・・。
第二段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
Supporters of the policy had significant benefits people from the poor can visit museums. | Supporters (of the policy) had significant benefits so that people with various backgrounds can visit museums. |
(of the policy) は無くても良い。 |
第三段落 |
However, while visitors increased, some critics of the policy pointed out the increase was largely due to repeated visits from the same people. Moreover, some independent museums with admission fees stated the policy led to a drop in their revenues. |
この段落の内容(反対派の理由)を1文でまとめます。さらに追加文(Moreover, Additionally)を加えて完成です。必ず改行を入れて三段落構成にしましょう。
第三段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
Critics of the policy despite visitors increased but visits from the same people. Moreover, some independent museums with entrance fees leed to visitor numbers decreased. | Despite increased visitors, critics argued that the increase was largely repeated visits from the same people. Moreover, some independent museums with entrance fees led to decline in visitors and income. |
Moreover から先の文は、lead to から先が主語動詞になっているので、lead to 名詞とする。 つまり、led to decline in visitors and income (過去形しています) |
最後の段落をまとめて完成です。
このように、参加者の提出した英文に対して、一つ一つ訂正を加えて指導しています。
指導例〜ライティング
○テーマ
Do you think it is a good idea for the local government to build tourist sites such as theme parks and museums?
(地方自治体がテーマパークや博物館のような観光スポットを作るのは良い考えだと思いますか?)
【英検準1級夏講座 第2回】
同じく、高校2年生 オンライン(福岡)からご紹介します。
生徒さんはNoの意見。
第一段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
I don’t think it is a good idea for local governments to build tourist sites, such as theme parks and museums. I have two reasons. | I don’t think it is a good idea for local governments to build tourist sites, |
①地域の人が住む生活環境が悪くなる。
第二段落(前半) | 添削後 |
---|---|
First, living environment becomes worse. For example, more people come to local city, noise pollution and many people using transportation can cause congestion. When something like this happend it becomes difficult fo living who originally lived there to live there. | First, the environment local people live in become worse. For example, more people come to local cities and noise pollution happens( / occurs). When such trouble happens, it becomes difficult for local residents ( / people) to live in. |
1. First, the environment local people live in become worse. 2. more people come to local city noise pollution and many ….→ 文の繋ぎが不明瞭 ↓ more people come to local cities and noise pollution happens( / occurs). 3. something like this →such trouble / such nuisance はっきりと分かりやすく そのような問題/そのような迷惑なこと 4. it becomes difficult for living who originally lived there to live there → 意味が取れにくい It becomes difficult for local residents/ people to live in. local residents 地元の住民 it is 形容詞 for 人 to 動詞 を使う |
②費用がかかる。
第二段落(後半) | 添削後 |
---|---|
Second, costs a lot of meney. If local government to build a big building and sites they need to huge meney. However if there no profit after construction, the money will be wasted. It’s better not to build than to waste meney. | Second, it costs huge money to build a big building on sites. Moreover, if there is no profit after construction, the expense will be wasted. ↓ Unless the tourist spots continue to attract people, the profit would reduce, leading to a waste of money. |
1. ….costs a lot of money → It costs a lot of money. It 主語を忘れない また、次の文と繋げると分かりやすい。 Second, it costs huge money to build a big building on sites. 2. However, →Moreover, 前の内容はマイナス、更にマイナスを追加だから 3. .. if it is no profit after construction, the money will be wasted.It is better not to not to build than to waste money. → 一文にスッキリまとめる。 Unless the tourist spots continue to attract people, the profit would reduce, leading to a waste of money. (もし観光スポットが人々の惹きつけ続けないなら、利益は減るし、お金の無駄となる。) |
③まとめ
第三段落 | 添削後 |
---|---|
For the resons, I don’t think it is a good idea for local governments to build tourist sites, such as theme parks and museums. | For these reasons, I don’t think it is a good idea for local governments to build tourist sites, such as theme parks and museums. |
前回よりトピックセンテンスが端的になり分かりやすくなりました。
次のようなアドバイスをしました。
【ポイントまとめ】次のライティングからこれらを使ってみよう!
書きながら、添削を受けて、やり直していくと、この名詞構文も少しずつできていきます。
自分だけの考えでは、内容もずれることもあり、どう膨らましていくのか?掘り下げていくのか?発展させていくので、迷ってしまいます。講師のアドバイスで、考えを矯正し、論理的なライティングになっていきます。
まとめ
この新しい試験方式への対応は、早期からの準備が重要です。
当サイトでは、最新情報とともに具体的な練習方法を提供し続けることで、英検対策を受講する子どもたちが成功へ一歩近づけるようサポートします。
リニューアル英検の情報源
リニューアルされる英検の情報源としては、以下のサイトが参考になります。
- 日本英語検定協会の特設サイト: 試験のリニューアルに関する最新情報や詳細を提供しています。
- 旺文社の英検合格ナビゲーター: リニューアルされる試験内容や対策に関する情報が掲載されています。
- えいごログ: 英検の問題形式の変更についてのまとめ解説が提供されています。
これらのサイトは、英検の最新情報や試験対策に関して詳しい情報を提供しており、受験を考えている方にとって有益な情報源となるでしょう。
お問い合わせ
リニューアル英検のライティング要約対策スタート|準2級、2級、準1級に関するお問い合わせはこちらからお願いします。